The climate towards 2030. Geomorphology as a proxy in climate change

El clima hacia 2030. La geomorfología como proxy en el cambio climático

Abstract

In the last millennium, temperature variation and climatic conditions have been reported by humanity in narrative and written form, verified with results through recent research using proxies in ice cores, tree rings, sediment accumulation, and deposits. carbonatic, to which we must add the geomorphological proxies in general not analyzed or reported in their relationship with climatic conditions. The archaeological excavations show the climatic conditions of the event, first due to the concealment and secondly, due to the contrast with the landscape that currently controls the sector in which the community must have existed for its development. Geomorphological proxies are mainly related to stability problems on slopes that leave topographic forms in amphitheaters, as well as a large volume of materials transported downstream as a result of said instability and deposited by change in flow speed, forming a smooth relief surface, which They have hidden civilizations and have allowed new civilizations to inhabit. Stability problems on slopes are related to rain, on whose intensity and duration the magnitude of the change in relief will depend. The temperature variation in the last millennium presents a cycle that can be associated in three periods: between the years 950 to 1150 AD, it can be assigned to a period of high temperatures (THP), followed by a warm climatic stabilization, corresponding to the warm period medieval period (MCP) that extends until the year 1450, where the little ice age (LEI) begins until the year 1900. Taking into account the development of the Inca empire from the 12th century onwards, the crop areas on the island of Easter from the year 1220 and the constructions of current Rome from the 13th century on buildings of the Roman Empire, it is concluded that the high temperatures in the THP period were followed by periods of intense rain, which caused stability problems. , hiding during the 11th and 12th centuries, the moais on Easter Island and the buildings of the Roman Empire, as well as the formation of topographic amphitheaters on the slopes, where large areas of crops founded on walls of stone in a stepped shape. When we have high temperatures (THP), evaporation must be high, with a dry water balance, but its decrease must be associated with cooling. The above may have possibly been caused by rains whose duration, frequency and intensity values must be greater than those currently known, with humid water balances, increases in high flows and large contributions of sediments, as well as a significant volume of water accumulated in the subsoil. . According to current research and reports, in 2017, the two large oceans, Pacific and Atlantic, which occupy 48% of the Earth's surface, will present important variations in their temperature conditions, which should have an impact on the balance of water masses in the global climate, possibly more intense cold towards the subpolar areas and intensification of rain towards the tropics.