Revista Montalbán

Awareness personified

Gracia Faustina Salazar L — 2024-04-10

This historical essay analyzes the effects caused by the United Fruit Company on the inhabitants of the Magdalena area, Colombia, as seen by Gabriel García Márquez in the novels One Hundred Years of Solitude and La Hojarasca

Índice General

Autor de Revista Montalbán — 2024-04-10

Presentation of the 63rd issue of Montalban Magazine

Ethics Code

Autor de Revista Montalbán — 2024-04-10

Código de ética

Credits

Autor de Revista Montalbán — 2024-04-10

Presentation of the 63rd issue of Montalban Magazine

General Dispositions

Autor de Revista Montalbán — 2024-04-10

Disposiciones Generales

Evaluation Guide

Autor de Revista Montalbán — 2024-04-10

Guia de Evaluación

The jesuits and their roots

José Del Rey Fajardo — 2024-04-10

The Saint of Loyola dies at the age of 65. By then, the Society of Jesus was present on three continents with
almost a thousand members, a hundred residences and 50 schools. That enormous apostolic work was nothing
but the result of the creativity of the spiritual life of Ignatius, its founder. Among other creative enterprises,
educational centers and missions proved vital to the forging of the Jesuit identity. This process of identity was
accompanied, in the pedagogical and academic dynamics of the magis, by disciplines such as astronomy,
cartography, art, linguistics, ethnology and anthropology together with history and literature. These elements,
which surpassed themselves in the unique plan of God's greater glory, shaped the model of evangelization and
institutional education proposed by the Society of Jesus. It was there that its roots and its possibility of
persistence in time and history sank.

Venezuelan Enlightenment and Colonial Paideia

Mariano Nava Contreras — 2024-04-10

This text is part of the essay titled Criollos y afrancesados. For a characterization of the Venezuelan
Enlightenment (Caracas, 2014), which earned the “Estefanía Mosca” National Essay Prize. An outline is made
of the historical and socioeconomic conditions that conditioned the emergence of enlightened thought in
Venezuela during the second half of the 18th century, and the first works written in the country in the spirit of
the Enlightenment.

The reserved inquiry in Barcelona and Gerona (1766) Documentary memory

Carlos Rodríguez Souquet — 2024-04-10

The expulsion of the Society of Jesus from the kingdoms of Spain was preceded by the criminal process of the
reserved inquiry.criminal process of the reserved investigation. This article is intended to visit the
documentation produced by this secret investigation in Barcelona and Gerona. The opaque omens, originated
in the Madrid uprising of 1766 (the mutiny against Esquilache), persisted in the mind of Charles III and the
Royal Council of Castile, and the and the Royal Council of Castile, regularly nourished by the aggravating
writings that were published at the court and in the published at court and in the interior of the kingdom. Let
us, then, be guided by the witnesses who testified in Barcelona and in in Barcelona and Gerona to find out, first
hand, what the Jesuits did against the the Jesuits did against the monarch, the government, the royalties and the
Enlightenment, or to realize the falsehood to realize the falsehood that this criminal process entailed.

Christian Discernment of the Situation and Indispensable Elements for a Overcoming Alternative

Pedro Trigo, s.j. — 2024-04-10

The first thing we want to emphasize is that a truly overcoming alternative can only be achieved from the current
situation: only by optimizing the good can we overcome the bad. Therefore, we have to start by taking charge of
our situation. And we have to be able to see the positive, because if it were true that everything is bad, we would
be hopeless. For this analysis to be Christian, that is, humanizing from the paradigm of Jesus, we have to make
explicit the attitudes from which we carry it out: from within, from below, with a constructive, inclusive approach,
for the good, and in such a way that we are all subjects in symbiotic interaction.
In analyzing the situation we cannot restrict ourselves to our country, because globalization and virtual
simultaneity also concern us, not only as receivers but also as subjects, although those who command this
historical figure today are the globalized corporations and the big financiers. That is why there is no democracy in
any country. In our country the main problem is that there is no State, since the government is only concerned
with perpetuating itself in power and from there obtaining almost unlimited profits, today, above all, from mining
in the Guayana arc. This is the reason for the deterioration of all services, the rupture of the production chain and
the dedication of the majority to subsist. As most of them do not see a future, especially the young people, seven
million have emigrated and continue to leave. What remains of private enterprise is largely because workers have
defended it and employers have taken them into account. There is an urgent need to stimulate this type of
companies, especially those with competitive advantages and those that are indispensable for the recomposition of
the production chain. In the overcoming alternative we all have to fit as deliberative subjects with liberated
freedom. Contributing to the formation of a critical mass of these subjects is the most decisive and the main
contribution of Christianity, if it lives in the following of Jesus. These subjects must organize themselves in a
multitude of associations and organizations, which always proceed from deliberation. These communities and
institutions must become involved, both locally and globally. And they have to foster political vocations so that
the State can facilitate this whole process. Supported by this social body, the government can put in its place,
which it has, both the globalized corporations and the big financiers, as well as the populists, and those who cling
to power by force (army and police). These four steps are indispensable for a better alternative.

The fiscal opinion of campomanes. The Jesuits vs. the Reserved Way (1766-1767). Documentary Memory

Carlos Rodríguez Souquet — 2024-04-10

The Fiscal Opinion, composed by Don Pedro Rodríguez Campomanes and endorsed by the Extraordinary
Council, served as a legal instrument for Charles III to expel the Jesuits from the Kingdom of Spain and its
Indies. The thesis of the participation of the Jesuits -as authors- in the riot of Holy Week of 1766 in Madrid, as
well as their supposed tutelage with respect to the illicit pasquines of those days, served as a starting point for the
Secret Inquiry that would conclude with the writing of the judicial report of the Count of Campomanes and the
hasty estrangement of the Jesuits in Spain. Hence, revisiting the 172 pages of the Opinion – leaving room for the
voice of its author and the witnesses of the Inquiry – will allow us to adjust the perception of this place of
collective memory, allowing us to remember or, perhaps, discover the social, cultural and legal parameters that
formed the imaginary of its rapporteur and of the people questioned then and today.

Is this civilization? The discussion in relation to the Civil Code of 1868

Daniel Lahoud — 2024-04-10

This essay starts with the Patronage of the XIX century and the attempt to consummate a Concordat between the Holy See and the Republic, and then the attempt to approve a Civil Code in 1868, which although it was not sanctioned, gave rise to an interesting discussion with the participation of Archbishop Guevara y Lira, and in a very outstanding way, Archdeacon Antonio José Sucre. The polemic on the civil and political side was carried out by Julian Viso. The topics of the life of the people and the so-called goods of dead hands will be discussed, which will provide a propitious framework for the Archdeacon to give us a lesson on the principles of society from the point of view of the Church

El licenciado José Grau: asesor, teniente, intendente, catequista. Un colaborador civil en la “Gran Colombia”

Luis Daniel Perrone — 2024-04-10

This work aims to describe and analyze the political duties carried out by José Grau, a lawyer from Cumaná, in collaboration with the Intendant José Francisco Bermúdez in the Orinoco Department of Gran Colombia (the former Republic of Colombia). Our goal is to challenge the common view of 19th century governments as products of the rationality and the will of a single individual. To achieve this, we employ a method that combines the institutional and decisional study of politics with an emphasis on interpersonal relations, where recognition and individual influence come into play. Finally, we present a series of conclusions regarding the new perspectives that could emerge from 19th century Venezuelan political history if we focus on the complexities of collective decision-making within the realm of public power.

Rules for the Submission of Originals

Autor de Revista Montalbán — 2024-04-10

Rules for the Submission of Originals

Reinaldo Rojas, Cumaná in the Formation of the Venezuelan Nation-State (1515-1811), Caracas, Ediciones Fundación Centro Gumilla, 2021, 111 pp

Emilio Luis Berrizbeitia Aristeguieta — 2024-04-10

Reseña